College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences

Main aim of the Black Sea Shipwreck Project run by dr Siergiy Zelenko is to identify, explore and publish the information about the shipwrecks off the coasts of Crimea. The key objective of 2008 expedition was to explore and document a Byzantine shipwreck discovered off the coast of Novy Svet in the area of Sudak. This paper summaries these recent discoveries and gives a background to Byzantine and Genovese trade in the Black Sea region.

The aim of this paper is to explore new interpretation of the inscription showing decree in honor of Antigonos Gonatas, before 236/5 BC found in Rhamnous and published by Petrakos in 1991. It is also to tie in different strands of evidence and scholarly discussions on the political and military relations of Antigonos Gonatas with Athens and the deme of Rhamnous. Most importantly, this paper explores Antigonos‟s approach to his own apotheosis and divine honours donated to him by different demes.

Based on the facts and opinions discussed in this paper it can hardly be confirmed with any degree of certainty that the inscription from Rhamnous defines Antigonos Gonatas – King of Macedon as a Saviour and Benefactor of demos of Athenians. This sacrifice had been granted by the demos of Rhamnous between 255 and 236/235 B.C and according to it, king Antigonos was worshipped there with the goddess Nemesis during Games Nemeia, and has been honoured as an equal to Gods. He was eliminated from the cult of Nemesis about 225/224.

The fact that Antigonos Gonatas favoured tyrants in cities of Peloponnese did not prevent him from being considered worthy of cult honours in Athens, or in the Aegaeis, or in other places. There is no evidence that any Hellenistic king ever discouraged such a public opinion or refused to accept such honours voted for him. Therefore commonly agreed association of Antigonos Gonatas being the only exception should, in light of arguments presented in this paper, be rejected."

Bahrain was once famed for its bountiful natural resources, primarily its extensive groundwaters and rich pearl oyster beds. As well as the many terrestrial springs that exist mainly in the northern part of the main Bahrain Island complex, there were many submarine springs which discharged fresh or brackish water into the saline waters of theGulf. The once plentiful reserves of groundwater are now dwindling, and lowering of the aquifer levels through over-exploitation, and associated seawater incursion, has meant that Bahrain is having to increasingly depend on desalination plants for its water supply.With pearl fishing now all but non-existent except as memories of some of the older generation, and oil reserves rapidly running low, Bahrain is having to turn to other means of income, and this diversification has highlighted its rich and diverse heritage as a potential source of income in terms of heritage-based tourism.